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Wheldrake with Thorganby Church of England Primary School: school finances

Latest full year 2024-25, as an academy (accounts return, September to August). York · Primary · Academy converter

In deficit

In deficit by £94k £588 per pupil, 8% of a year's income: it has spent more over the years than it received.

Why schools go into deficit. Most of a school's money goes on people: over 80% of schools' costs are staff costs. So when pay and other costs rise faster than funding, or a school loses pupils and the money that comes with each one, the budget is squeezed quickly and staffing is the only big thing left to cut. In 2024–25 and 2025–26, mainstream school funding per pupil grew by 2 percentage points less than school costs, partly because rising special needs costs took a large share of the extra money. A deficit usually comes from several of these pressures at once, not one bad decision. (IFS, pp. 62–63)

What helps. Schools in this position usually agree a recovery plan with YORKSHIRE LEARNING TRUST, often over two or three years, and governors check progress against it each term. The questions further down are a good way to start that conversation.

Status by year

  1. 2018-19 In deficit reserve below zero
  2. 2019-20 In deficit same as the year before
  3. 2020-21 In deficit same as the year before
  4. 2021-22 In deficit same as the year before
  5. 2022-23 In deficit same as the year before
  6. 2023-24 In deficit same as the year before
  7. 2024-25 In deficit same as the year before

Government funding vs spending per pupil

In 2024-25, government funding was £1.0m £6,550 per pupil and spending £1.0m £6,319 per pupil. Government funding was £37k £231 per pupil more than spending.

Government funding and spending per pupil, 2018-19 to 2024-25Government funding and spending per pupil each year, 2018-19 to 2024-25. 2018-19: funding £4k, spending £4k; 2019-20: funding £4k, spending £4k; 2020-21: funding £5k, spending £5k; 2021-22: funding £5k, spending £5k; 2022-23: funding £5k, spending £5k; 2023-24: funding £5k, spending £6k; 2024-25: funding £7k, spending £6k£3,000£4,000£5,000£6,0002018-192020-212022-232024-25Gov. fundingSpendingSimilarGov. fundingSpending

Funding is the money a school receives; spending is what it pays out. The two differ when a school adds to or draws on its savings, and because some money is spent on its pupils by someone else: the council (for example special needs top-ups and transport) or, for academies, the trust's central team. (IFS, pp. 7, 10, 46, 52, 54)

Government funding is the academy accounts line "grant funding from government" in academy (AAR) years and the CFR grant funding total in council-run years. The two are not strictly comparable: CFR line I07 can include some money that is not from government.

Real terms: in 2025-26 prices (HM Treasury GDP deflator, October 2026).

Reserve per pupil by year

Reserve per pupil, 2018-19 to 2024-25Reserve per pupil at the end of each year. 2018-19: -£151; 2019-20: -£175; 2020-21: -£129; 2021-22: -£10; 2022-23: -£485; 2023-24: -£416; 2024-25: -£563-£1,000-£500£02018-192020-212022-232024-25ReserveSimilarReserve

Real terms: in 2025-26 prices (HM Treasury GDP deflator, October 2026).

Each year's figures, newest first
YearPupilsIncomeSpendingIn-year balanceReserve at year end
2024-25160.0£1.2m £7,250 per pupil£1.0m £6,319 per pupil+£149k +£931 per pupil-£90k -£562 per pupil
2023-24190.0£1.1m £5,821 per pupil£1.1m £5,737 per pupil+£16k +£84 per pupil-£79k -£416 per pupil
2022-23196.0£1.0m £5,286 per pupil£1.1m £5,490 per pupil-£40k -£204 per pupil-£95k -£485 per pupil
2021-22191.0£1.1m £5,717 per pupil£1.0m £5,356 per pupil+£69k +£361 per pupil-£2k -£10 per pupil
2020-21209.0£1.0m £4,871 per pupil£988k £4,727 per pupil+£30k +£144 per pupil-£27k -£129 per pupil
2019-20217.0£952k £4,387 per pupil£933k £4,300 per pupil+£19k +£88 per pupil-£38k -£175 per pupil
2018-19218.0£872k £4,000 per pupil£905k £4,151 per pupil-£33k -£151 per pupil-£33k -£151 per pupil

Where the money comes from

Income in 2024-25, with the trend per pupil since 2018-19
Line2024-25Trend per pupilChange per pupil since 2018-19Similar schools (median per pupil)
Total income£1.2m £7,250 per pupil+81% +42% real£7k
Government funding£1.0m £6,550 per pupil+76% +38% real£6k
Special needs (SEN) funding£24k £150 per pupil+63% +29% real£255
Pupil premiumNot reported in academy accounts
Money the school raised itself£93k £581 per pupil+188% +126% real£411
Donations (day-to-day)£8k £50 per pupil£57
Donations for buildings and equipmentNot reported in academy accounts
Facilities and services£17k £106 per pupil+93% +52% real£164
Catering income£30k £188 per pupil+41% +11% real£51
Other DfE grants£0 £0 per pupil£277

Other DfE grants is a container line. It includes the grants that cover higher employer pension and National Insurance costs, which cannot be separated out, so no figure is shown for them on their own. Not every rise in a school's income is extra spending power. When the government raised what schools pay as employers into staff pensions and National Insurance, it gave schools grants to cover the bill. The IFS describes this as extra money to pay for extra outgoings, with no change in real resources. About £2.3 billion of the growth in school funding between 2019–20 and 2025–26 was this kind of grant. So when a school's income jumps, check whether its staff costs jumped by the same amount: the money may simply have passed through. (IFS, p. 50)

Academy accounts don't report pupil premium as a separate line, so it is shown as not reported rather than as zero.

Where it goes

Spending in 2024-25, with the trend per pupil since 2018-19
Line2024-25Trend per pupilChange per pupil since 2018-19Similar schools (median per pupil)
Total spending£1.0m £6,319 per pupil+52% +20% real£6k
Teachers£532k £3,325 per pupil+60% +26% real£3k
Supply staff£42k £262 per pupil+611% +458% real£58
Support staff£131k £819 per pupil+18% -8% real£1k
Office and admin staff£29k £181 per pupil-27% -42% real£313
Premises staff£0 £0 per pupil£104
Catering staff£0 £0 per pupil£0
Other staff costs£24k £150 per pupil-20% -37% real£193
All staff costs£759k £4,744 per pupil+46% +15% real£5k
Premises£60k £375 per pupil+78% +39% real£297
Energy£15k £94 per pupil+13% -10% real£107
Rates, water and other building costs£90k £562 per pupil+36% +7% real£544
Catering£67k £419 per pupil+61% +26% real£302
Learning resources£51k £319 per pupil+149% +95% real£333
Supplies and services£102k £638 per pupil+99% +56% real£557
Bought-in services£15k £94 per pupil-32% -46% real£142

Staff costs were 75% of this school's spending in 2024-25. Across England, over 80% of schools' costs are staff costs. (IFS, p. 63)

In 2025-26 prices, this school spent £1.0m £6,441 per pupil in 2024-25. Across England, primary schools are expected to spend about £7,000 per pupil in 2025–26. (IFS, p. 7)

Academy figures exclude the trust's central spending on its schools, so they can look lower than a council-run school's. See the trust's central spending below.

Pupils by year

  1. 2018-19 218.0
  2. 2019-20 217.0
  3. 2020-21 209.0
  4. 2021-22 191.0
  5. 2022-23 196.0
  6. 2023-24 190.0
  7. 2024-25 160.0

Pupil numbers fell from 218.0 to 160.0 (27% fewer) over the years shown.

Schools are mostly funded per pupil, so fewer pupils means less money. Costs do not fall in step: a class with a few fewer pupils still needs a teacher. Primary schools in England have already lost about 100,000 pupils (3%) between 2019–20 and 2024–25, and are expected to lose over 300,000 more (about 8%) by 2030–31. Secondary numbers are expected to start falling from about 2026–27. The IFS points out that money is only saved if schools actually reduce what they spend, such as staff or the number of schools. That is why a well-run school with falling numbers can still find its budget under pressure. (IFS, pp. 19, 64)

Trust central spending

What YORKSHIRE LEARNING TRUST spent centrally per pupil, on top of this school's own accounts:

  1. 2018-19 £37
  2. 2019-20 £85
  3. 2020-21 £102
  4. 2021-22 £104
  5. 2022-23 £133
  6. 2023-24 £310
  7. 2024-25 £523

These are cash figures. The IFS average below is in 2025-26 prices.

On average, academy trusts spent £510 per pupil centrally in 2023–24, money that is not counted in their individual schools' own spending. (IFS, p. 56)

Money raised by parents

Parents' association money per pupilParents' association income and spending per pupil. 2020-21: raised £38; 2021-22: raised £63; 2022-23: raised £62; 2023-24: raised £44; 2024-25: raised £75£30£40£50£60£702020-212021-222022-232023-242024-25RaisedSpent
Each school year's returns, newest first
School yearRaisedSpent
2024-25
year to August 2025
£12k £75 per pupil£11k £69 per pupil
2023-24
year to August 2024
£8k £44 per pupil£12k £64 per pupil
2022-23
year to August 2023
£12k £62 per pupil£9k £46 per pupil
2021-22
year to August 2022
£12k £63 per pupil£10k £51 per pupil
2020-21
year to August 2021
£8k £38 per pupil£10k £49 per pupil

Each return is placed in the school year that holds the end of the charity's financial year, and per-pupil figures use that year's pupils. A parents' association's money is its own and isn't in the school's accounts above. Money a parents' association gives the school can also appear in the school's own accounts as donations, so the two can overlap. They are shown separately here and never added together.

Across England, the typical registered parents' association raised £50 per pupil in 2025-26.

Intake and area

academy · Primary · Mixed · YORKSHIRE LEARNING TRUST (multi-academy trust) · Church of England

Intake band 1 of 5 nationally, combining free-school-meal eligibility and the deprivation of the school's neighbourhood (1 = least disadvantaged, 5 = most).

Context, not a judgement: schools with different intakes get different funding and face different costs.

How my school's money is split

For pupils: out of every pound the school spent in 2024-25, here is roughly where it went, with the amount for each pupil.

National context

Questions to ask the school

Useful for parents, governors and PTFA committees.

  1. What is the plan to get Wheldrake with Thorganby Church of England Primary School back into balance, and how many years will it take? Has YORKSHIRE LEARNING TRUST agreed it?
  2. How many pupils does Wheldrake with Thorganby Church of England Primary School expect in each year group over the next three years? Why ask: Primary pupil numbers in England are expected to fall by over 300,000 (about 8%) by 2030–31. (IFS, p. 19)
  3. How much of Wheldrake with Thorganby Church of England Primary School's funding does YORKSHIRE LEARNING TRUST keep centrally each year, and what does the school get for it? Why ask: Academy trusts spent £510 per pupil centrally in 2023–24 on average. (IFS, p. 56)
  4. How much does the PTA (or friends' association) raise each year, and what does it pay for?
  5. What is driving the deficit: falling pupil numbers, staff costs, special needs support, or something else? Why ask: Over 80% of schools' costs are staff costs. (IFS, p. 63)
  6. Is the school planning to merge classes, share staff or work more closely with another school?
  7. Does the school's reserve figure include its share of the trust's central reserves?
  8. How does Wheldrake with Thorganby Church of England Primary School's spending per pupil compare with similar schools, and why? Why ask: Nationally, primaries spend about £7,000 and secondaries about £7,800 per pupil in 2025–26. (IFS, p. 7)

Check at source

Every figure here comes from the school's published return. Check it on the DfE benchmarking page for this school, and see how the figures are worked out.

Similar schools: the closest in phase, size and share of pupils on free school meals.

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