Wreay Church of England Primary School: school finances
Latest full year 2023-24, as an academy (accounts return, September to August). Cumberland · Primary · Academy converter
Large reserves
Holds £82k £932 per pupil in reserve, 11% of a year's income.
Status by year
- 2018-19 In deficit reserve below zero
- 2019-20 Tight reserve under 3% of a year's income
- 2020-21 Large reserves reserve 8% or more of a year's income
- 2021-22 Large reserves same as the year before
- 2022-23 Large reserves same as the year before
- 2023-24 Large reserves same as the year before
Government funding vs spending per pupil
In 2023-24, government funding was £695k £7,898 per pupil and spending £681k £7,739 per pupil. Government funding was £14k £159 per pupil more than spending.
Funding is the money a school receives; spending is what it pays out. The two differ when a school adds to or draws on its savings, and because some money is spent on its pupils by someone else: the council (for example special needs top-ups and transport) or, for academies, the trust's central team. (IFS, pp. 7, 10, 46, 52, 54)
Government funding is the academy accounts line "grant funding from government" in academy (AAR) years and the CFR grant funding total in council-run years. The two are not strictly comparable: CFR line I07 can include some money that is not from government. CFR years run April to March and AAR years September to August.
Real terms: in 2025-26 prices (HM Treasury GDP deflator, October 2026).
Reserve per pupil by year
Real terms: in 2025-26 prices (HM Treasury GDP deflator, October 2026).
| Year | Pupils | Income | Spending | In-year balance | Reserve at year end |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-24 | 88.0 | £731k £8,307 per pupil | £681k £7,739 per pupil | +£50k +£568 per pupil | £82k £932 per pupil |
| 2022-23 | 102.0 | £693k £6,794 per pupil | £666k £6,529 per pupil | +£27k +£265 per pupil | £99k £971 per pupil |
| 2021-22 | 102.0 | £673k £6,598 per pupil | £611k £5,990 per pupil | +£62k +£608 per pupil | £124k £1,216 per pupil |
| 2020-21 | 110.0 | £687k £6,245 per pupil | £571k £5,191 per pupil | +£116k +£1,055 per pupil | £115k £1,045 per pupil |
| 2019-20 | 118.0 | £660k £5,593 per pupil | £612k £5,186 per pupil | +£48k +£407 per pupil | £16k £136 per pupil |
| 2018-19 | 126.0 | £681k £5,402 per pupil | £740k £5,872 per pupil | -£59k -£471 per pupil | -£21k -£164 per pupil |
Where the money comes from
| Line | 2023-24 | Trend per pupil | Change per pupil since 2018-19 | Similar schools (median per pupil) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total income | £731k £8,307 per pupil | +54% +24% real | £8k | |
| Government funding | £695k £7,898 per pupil | +67% +34% real | £7k | |
| Special needs (SEN) funding | £60k £682 per pupil | +283% +208% real | £292 | |
| Pupil premium | Not reported in academy accounts | |||
| Money the school raised itself | £36k £409 per pupil | -38% -50% real | £511 | |
| Donations (day-to-day) | £0 £0 per pupil recorded | -100% -100% real | £46 | |
| Donations for buildings and equipment | Not reported in academy accounts | |||
| Facilities and services | £18k £205 per pupil | -52% -62% real | £152 | |
| Catering income | £7k £80 per pupil | -33% -46% real | £103 | |
| Other DfE grants | £24k £273 per pupil | -3% -22% real | £368 | |
Other DfE grants is a container line. It includes the grants that cover higher employer pension and National Insurance costs, which cannot be separated out, so no figure is shown for them on their own. Not every rise in a school's income is extra spending power. When the government raised what schools pay as employers into staff pensions and National Insurance, it gave schools grants to cover the bill. The IFS describes this as extra money to pay for extra outgoings, with no change in real resources. About £2.3 billion of the growth in school funding between 2019–20 and 2025–26 was this kind of grant. So when a school's income jumps, check whether its staff costs jumped by the same amount: the money may simply have passed through. (IFS, p. 50)
Academy accounts don't report pupil premium as a separate line, so it is shown as not reported rather than as zero.
Where it goes
| Line | 2023-24 | Trend per pupil | Change per pupil since 2018-19 | Similar schools (median per pupil) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total spending | £681k £7,739 per pupil | +32% +6% real | £8k | |
| Teachers | £370k £4,205 per pupil | +40% +13% real | £3k | |
| Supply staff | £23k £261 per pupil | +46% +17% real | £68 | |
| Support staff | £96k £1,091 per pupil | +183% +129% real | £1k | |
| Office and admin staff | £16k £182 per pupil | -48% -58% real | £413 | |
| Premises staff | £12k £136 per pupil | +157% +109% real | £12 | |
| Catering staff | £0 £0 per pupil | -100% -100% real | £0 | |
| Other staff costs | £24k £273 per pupil | +43% +15% real | £209 | |
| All staff costs | £529k £6,011 per pupil | +46% +18% real | £6k | |
| Premises | £26k £295 per pupil | -58% -66% real | £330 | |
| Energy | £14k £159 per pupil | +169% +115% real | £168 | |
| Rates, water and other building costs | £51k £580 per pupil | +32% +6% real | £634 | |
| Catering | £32k £364 per pupil | +34% +8% real | £368 | |
| Learning resources | £55k £625 per pupil | +101% +62% real | £407 | |
| Supplies and services | £75k £852 per pupil | +38% +12% real | £774 | |
| Bought-in services | £15k £170 per pupil | -6% -24% real | £255 |
Staff costs were 78% of this school's spending in 2023-24. Across England, over 80% of schools' costs are staff costs. (IFS, p. 63)
In 2025-26 prices, this school spent £720k £8,178 per pupil in 2023-24. Across England, primary schools are expected to spend about £7,000 per pupil in 2025–26. (IFS, p. 7)
Academy figures exclude the trust's central spending on its schools, so they can look lower than a council-run school's. See the trust's central spending below.
Pupils by year
- 2018-19 126.0
- 2019-20 118.0
- 2020-21 110.0
- 2021-22 102.0
- 2022-23 102.0
- 2023-24 88.0
Pupil numbers fell from 126.0 to 88.0 (30% fewer) over the years shown.
Schools are mostly funded per pupil, so fewer pupils means less money. Costs do not fall in step: a class with a few fewer pupils still needs a teacher. Primary schools in England have already lost about 100,000 pupils (3%) between 2019–20 and 2024–25, and are expected to lose over 300,000 more (about 8%) by 2030–31. Secondary numbers are expected to start falling from about 2026–27. The IFS points out that money is only saved if schools actually reduce what they spend, such as staff or the number of schools. That is why a well-run school with falling numbers can still find its budget under pressure. (IFS, pp. 19, 64)
Trust central spending
What THE GOOD SHEPHERD MULTI ACADEMY TRUST spent centrally per pupil, on top of this school's own accounts:
- 2019-20 £412
- 2020-21 £485
- 2021-22 £465
- 2022-23 £484
- 2023-24 £515
These are cash figures. The IFS average below is in 2025-26 prices.
On average, academy trusts spent £510 per pupil centrally in 2023–24, money that is not counted in their individual schools' own spending. (IFS, p. 56)
Money raised by parents
No registered parents' association found for Wreay Church of England Primary School. Charities with an income of £5,000 or less a year don't have to register with the Charity Commission, so many schools have an active PTA or friends' group that isn't on the register.
Across England, the typical registered parents' association raised £50 per pupil in 2025-26.
Intake and area
- 15% of pupils eligible for free school meals (median school: council 18%, England 22%)
- Neighbourhood deprivation decile 7 of 10 (1 = most deprived)
- Income deprivation affecting children: decile 8 of 10 (1 = most deprived)
- 32% of adults nearby hold a degree-level qualification
- 85% of nearby homes are owner-occupied
- 6% of nearby homes are social rented
Intake band 2 of 5 nationally, combining free-school-meal eligibility and the deprivation of the school's neighbourhood (1 = least disadvantaged, 5 = most).
Context, not a judgement: schools with different intakes get different funding and face different costs.
How my school's money is split
For pupils: out of every pound the school spent in 2023-24, here is roughly where it went, with the amount for each pupil.
- Teachers £393k £4,466 per pupil
- Support staff £96k £1,091 per pupil
- Buildings and grounds £26k £295 per pupil
- Energy £14k £159 per pupil
- Learning resources £55k £625 per pupil
- Everything else £97k £1,102 per pupil
National context
- Primary pupil numbers in England are expected to fall by over 300,000 (about 8%) between 2024–25 and 2030–31. (IFS, p. 19)
- Council-run primary schools spend about £400 (6%) more per pupil than primary academies, and council-run secondaries about £300 (4%) more, partly because trusts spend some money centrally. (IFS, p. 56)
- Mainstream schools are expected to fund the first £6,000 a year of extra support for a pupil with special needs from their own budget. (IFS, p. 46)
Questions to ask the school
Useful for parents, governors and PTFA committees.
- What is Wreay Church of England Primary School's £82k £932 per pupil reserve being kept for, and is there a timetable to spend it?
- How many pupils does Wreay Church of England Primary School expect in each year group over the next three years? Why ask: Primary pupil numbers in England are expected to fall by over 300,000 (about 8%) by 2030–31. (IFS, p. 19)
- How many pupils at Wreay Church of England Primary School have an EHCP or need extra support, and how is support above the first £6,000 a year funded? Why ask: Mainstream schools are expected to fund the first £6,000 a year per pupil from their core budget. (IFS, p. 46)
- How much of Wreay Church of England Primary School's funding does THE GOOD SHEPHERD MULTI ACADEMY TRUST keep centrally each year, and what does the school get for it? Why ask: Academy trusts spent £510 per pupil centrally in 2023–24 on average. (IFS, p. 56)
- How much does the PTA (or friends' association) raise each year, and what does it pay for?
- Is any of it already committed, for example to building work or to cover a planned overspend?
- Is the school planning to merge classes, share staff or work more closely with another school?
- Does the council's top-up money arrive on time and cover what the support actually costs?
Check at source
Every figure here comes from the school's published return. Check it on the DfE benchmarking page for this school, and see how the figures are worked out.
Similar schools: the closest in phase, size and share of pupils on free school meals.
- Shillington Lower School
- Shap Endowed CofE Primary School
- North Marston Church of England School
- Garboldisham Church of England Primary Academy
- Yardley Gobion Church of England Primary School
Admissions and catchments for Wreay Church of England Primary School on Schools in Reach · All Cumberland school finances · Schools in Penrith and Solway · THE GOOD SHEPHERD MULTI ACADEMY TRUST
- DfE Financial Benchmarking and Insights Tool data: CFR returns for council-run schools (April to March) and academy accounts returns (September to August), Open Government Licence v3.0
- Get Information about Schools, Open Government Licence v3.0
- National context: IFS, Annual report on education spending in England: 2025–26 (January 2026); IFS figures are in 2025-26 prices (HM Treasury GDP deflator, November 2025)
- Real-terms figures on this page: in 2025-26 prices (HM Treasury GDP deflator, October 2026)