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Bramford Church of England Voluntary Controlled Primary School: school finances

Latest full year 2025-26, as a council-run school (CFR return, April to March). Suffolk · Primary · Voluntary controlled school

In deficit

In deficit by £3k £11 per pupil, 0% of a year's income: it has spent more over the years than it received.

Why schools go into deficit. Most of a school's money goes on people: over 80% of schools' costs are staff costs. So when pay and other costs rise faster than funding, or a school loses pupils and the money that comes with each one, the budget is squeezed quickly and staffing is the only big thing left to cut. In 2024–25 and 2025–26, mainstream school funding per pupil grew by 2 percentage points less than school costs, partly because rising special needs costs took a large share of the extra money. A deficit usually comes from several of these pressures at once, not one bad decision. (IFS, pp. 62–63)

What helps. Schools in this position usually agree a recovery plan with the council, often over two or three years, and governors check progress against it each term. The questions further down are a good way to start that conversation.

Status by year

  1. 2018-19 Large reserves reserve 8% or more of a year's income
  2. 2019-20 Large reserves same as the year before
  3. 2020-21 Large reserves same as the year before
  4. 2021-22 Healthy reserve between 3% and 8% of a year's income
  5. 2022-23 Heading for deficit spending more than it received, reserve running down
  6. 2023-24 Tight reserve under 3% of a year's income
  7. 2024-25 Tight same as the year before
  8. 2025-26 In deficit reserve below zero

Government funding vs spending per pupil

In 2025-26, government funding was £1.4m £5,887 per pupil and spending £1.5m £6,229 per pupil. Spending was £81k £342 per pupil more than government funding; the difference came from other income, such as lettings, catering or donations, or from the school's reserve.

Government funding and spending per pupil, 2018-19 to 2025-26Government funding and spending per pupil each year, 2018-19 to 2025-26. 2018-19: funding £5k, spending £5k; 2019-20: funding £5k, spending £5k; 2020-21: funding £5k, spending £5k; 2021-22: funding £5k, spending £6k; 2022-23: funding £6k, spending £6k; 2023-24: funding £6k, spending £6k; 2024-25: funding £6k, spending £6k; 2025-26: funding £6k, spending £6k£4,000£5,000£6,000£7,0002019-202021-222023-242025-26Gov. fundingSpendingSimilarGov. fundingSpending

Funding is the money a school receives; spending is what it pays out. The two differ when a school adds to or draws on its savings, and because some money is spent on its pupils by someone else: the council (for example special needs top-ups and transport) or, for academies, the trust's central team. (IFS, pp. 7, 10, 46, 52, 54)

Government funding is the academy accounts line "grant funding from government" in academy (AAR) years and the CFR grant funding total in council-run years. The two are not strictly comparable: CFR line I07 can include some money that is not from government.

Real terms: in 2025-26 prices (HM Treasury GDP deflator, October 2026).

Reserve per pupil by year

Reserve per pupil, 2018-19 to 2025-26Reserve per pupil at the end of each year. 2018-19: £393; 2019-20: £417; 2020-21: £569; 2021-22: £235; 2022-23: £45; 2023-24: £74; 2024-25: £122; 2025-26: -£11-£200£0£200£400£6002019-202021-222023-242025-26ReserveSimilarReserve

Real terms: in 2025-26 prices (HM Treasury GDP deflator, October 2026).

Each year's figures, newest first
YearPupilsIncomeSpendingIn-year balanceReserve at year end
2025-26236.0£1.4m £6,105 per pupil£1.5m £6,229 per pupil-£29k -£124 per pupil-£3k -£11 per pupil
2024-25220.0£1.4m £6,358 per pupil£1.4m £6,308 per pupil+£11k +£50 per pupil£27k £122 per pupil
2023-24211.0£1.3m £6,247 per pupil£1.3m £6,218 per pupil+£6k +£30 per pupil£16k £74 per pupil
2022-23210.0£1.2m £5,785 per pupil£1.3m £5,978 per pupil-£40k -£193 per pupil£9k £45 per pupil
2021-22212.0£1.1m £5,215 per pupil£1.2m £5,509 per pupil-£62k -£294 per pupil£50k £235 per pupil
2020-21197.0£1.1m £5,444 per pupil£1.0m £5,310 per pupil+£26k +£134 per pupil£112k £569 per pupil
2019-20206.0£1.0m £5,090 per pupil£1.0m £5,067 per pupil+£5k +£23 per pupil£86k £417 per pupil
2018-19206.0£998k £4,845 per pupil£988k £4,798 per pupil+£10k +£47 per pupil£81k £393 per pupil

Where the money comes from

Income in 2025-26, with the trend per pupil since 2018-19
Line2025-26Trend per pupilChange per pupil since 2018-19Similar schools (median per pupil)
Total income£1.4m £6,105 per pupil+26% -4% real£7k
Government funding£1.4m £5,887 per pupil+29% -2% real£7k
Special needs (SEN) funding£88k £371 per pupil+308% +209% real£274
Pupil premium£65k £274 per pupil+14% -13% real£321
Money the school raised itself£51k £218 per pupil-24% -42% real£458
Donations (day-to-day)£9k £39 per pupil+5% -19% real£39
Donations for buildings and equipment£0 £0 per pupil£0
Facilities and services£19k £82 per pupil+134% +78% real£75
Catering income£10k £42 per pupil-55% -66% real£89
Other DfE grants£78k £329 per pupil+33% +2% real£238

Other DfE grants is a container line. It includes the grants that cover higher employer pension and National Insurance costs, which cannot be separated out, so no figure is shown for them on their own. Not every rise in a school's income is extra spending power. When the government raised what schools pay as employers into staff pensions and National Insurance, it gave schools grants to cover the bill. The IFS describes this as extra money to pay for extra outgoings, with no change in real resources. About £2.3 billion of the growth in school funding between 2019–20 and 2025–26 was this kind of grant. So when a school's income jumps, check whether its staff costs jumped by the same amount: the money may simply have passed through. (IFS, p. 50)

Where it goes

Spending in 2025-26, with the trend per pupil since 2018-19
Line2025-26Trend per pupilChange per pupil since 2018-19Similar schools (median per pupil)
Total spending£1.5m £6,229 per pupil+30% -1% real£7k
Teachers£727k £3,082 per pupil+46% +11% real£3k
Supply staff£6k £26 per pupil-21% -40% real£57
Support staff£198k £837 per pupil-9% -31% real£1k
Office and admin staff£90k £383 per pupil+61% +23% real£352
Premises staff£63k £265 per pupil+125% +72% real£141
Catering staff£0 £0 per pupil£0
Other staff costs£69k £293 per pupil+24% -6% real£201
All staff costs£1.1m £4,641 per pupil+30% -0% real£5k
Premises£89k £376 per pupil+53% +17% real£382
Energy£33k £139 per pupil+35% +3% real£108
Rates, water and other building costs£146k £617 per pupil+11% -15% real£610
Catering£76k £321 per pupil+13% -13% real£326
Learning resources£39k £167 per pupil-15% -35% real£318
Supplies and services£113k £481 per pupil+14% -13% real£633
Bought-in services£58k £248 per pupil+45% +11% real£196

Staff costs were 75% of this school's spending in 2025-26. Across England, over 80% of schools' costs are staff costs. (IFS, p. 63)

In 2025-26 prices, this school spent £1.5m £6,229 per pupil in 2025-26. Across England, primary schools are expected to spend about £7,000 per pupil in 2025–26. (IFS, p. 7)

Pupils by year

  1. 2018-19 206.0
  2. 2019-20 206.0
  3. 2020-21 197.0
  4. 2021-22 212.0
  5. 2022-23 210.0
  6. 2023-24 211.0
  7. 2024-25 220.0
  8. 2025-26 236.0

Money raised by parents

Parents' association money per pupilParents' association income and spending per pupil. 2021-22: raised £3; 2022-23: raised £7; 2023-24: raised £30; 2024-25: raised £22; 2025-26: raised £19£0£10£20£302021-222022-232023-242024-252025-26RaisedSpent
Each school year's returns, newest first
School yearRaisedSpent
2025-26
year to April 2025
£4k £19 per pupil£9k £39 per pupil
2024-25
year to April 2024
£5k £22 per pupil£6k £29 per pupil
2023-24
year to April 2023
£6k £30 per pupil£2k £10 per pupil
2022-23
year to April 2022
£2k £7 per pupil£8k £37 per pupil
2021-22
year to April 2021
£602 £3 per pupil£234 £1 per pupil

Each return is placed in the school year that holds the end of the charity's financial year, and per-pupil figures use that year's pupils. A parents' association's money is its own and isn't in the school's accounts above. Money a parents' association gives the school can also appear in the school's own accounts as donations, so the two can overlap. They are shown separately here and never added together.

Across England, the typical registered parents' association raised £50 per pupil in 2025-26.

Intake and area

council-run · Primary · Mixed · Church of England

Intake band 2 of 5 nationally, combining free-school-meal eligibility and the deprivation of the school's neighbourhood (1 = least disadvantaged, 5 = most).

Context, not a judgement: schools with different intakes get different funding and face different costs.

How my school's money is split

For pupils: out of every pound the school spent in 2025-26, here is roughly where it went, with the amount for each pupil.

National context

Questions to ask the school

Useful for parents, governors and PTFA committees.

  1. What is the plan to get Bramford Church of England Voluntary Controlled Primary School back into balance, and how many years will it take? Has the council agreed it?
  2. How many pupils at Bramford Church of England Voluntary Controlled Primary School have an EHCP or need extra support, and how is support above the first £6,000 a year funded? Why ask: Mainstream schools are expected to fund the first £6,000 a year per pupil from their core budget. (IFS, p. 46)
  3. How much does the PTA (or friends' association) raise each year, and what does it pay for?
  4. What is driving the deficit: falling pupil numbers, staff costs, special needs support, or something else? Why ask: Over 80% of schools' costs are staff costs. (IFS, p. 63)
  5. Does the council's top-up money arrive on time and cover what the support actually costs?
  6. How does Bramford Church of England Voluntary Controlled Primary School's spending per pupil compare with similar schools, and why? Why ask: Nationally, primaries spend about £7,000 and secondaries about £7,800 per pupil in 2025–26. (IFS, p. 7)
  7. Will the recovery plan change class sizes, the subjects on offer or the number of support staff?
  8. Is the council's high needs budget in deficit, and could that affect the school's top-ups? Why ask: Councils' accumulated high needs deficits are forecast to reach £14 billion by 2028. Statutory override: since 2020-21 DSG deficits are held in a separate unusable reserve rather than met from council general funds. The override runs to the end of 2027-28. Under the February 2026 approach, the High Needs Stability Grant pays 90% of each LA's eligible DSG deficit at 31 March 2026 from autumn 2026, so 2026-27 balances will fall sharply. (IFS, p. 61)

Check at source

Every figure here comes from the school's published return. Check it on the DfE benchmarking page for this school, and see how the figures are worked out.

Similar schools: the closest in phase, size and share of pupils on free school meals.

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