Terling Church of England Voluntary Aided Primary School: school finances
Latest full year 2025-26, as a council-run school (CFR return, April to March). Essex · Primary · Voluntary aided school
Large reserves
Holds £181k £1,825 per pupil in reserve, 23% of a year's income.
Status by year
- 2018-19 In deficit reserve below zero
- 2019-20 In deficit same as the year before
- 2020-21 Healthy reserve between 3% and 8% of a year's income
- 2021-22 Large reserves reserve 8% or more of a year's income
- 2022-23 Large reserves same as the year before
- 2023-24 Large reserves same as the year before
- 2024-25 Large reserves same as the year before
- 2025-26 Large reserves same as the year before
Government funding vs spending per pupil
In 2025-26, government funding was £752k £7,596 per pupil and spending £763k £7,705 per pupil. Spending was £11k £108 per pupil more than government funding; the difference came from other income, such as lettings, catering or donations, or from the school's reserve.
Funding is the money a school receives; spending is what it pays out. The two differ when a school adds to or draws on its savings, and because some money is spent on its pupils by someone else: the council (for example special needs top-ups and transport) or, for academies, the trust's central team. (IFS, pp. 7, 10, 46, 52, 54)
Government funding is the academy accounts line "grant funding from government" in academy (AAR) years and the CFR grant funding total in council-run years. The two are not strictly comparable: CFR line I07 can include some money that is not from government.
Real terms: in 2025-26 prices (HM Treasury GDP deflator, October 2026).
Reserve per pupil by year
Real terms: in 2025-26 prices (HM Treasury GDP deflator, October 2026).
| Year | Pupils | Income | Spending | In-year balance | Reserve at year end |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-26 | 99.0 | £776k £7,843 per pupil | £763k £7,705 per pupil | +£14k +£138 per pupil | £181k £1,825 per pupil |
| 2024-25 | 106.0 | £758k £7,152 per pupil | £761k £7,180 per pupil | -£3k -£29 per pupil | £167k £1,576 per pupil |
| 2023-24 | 104.0 | £745k £7,166 per pupil | £698k £6,712 per pupil | +£47k +£454 per pupil | £170k £1,635 per pupil |
| 2022-23 | 105.0 | £702k £6,682 per pupil | £666k £6,345 per pupil | +£35k +£337 per pupil | £123k £1,170 per pupil |
| 2021-22 | 103.0 | £609k £5,916 per pupil | £556k £5,397 per pupil | +£54k +£520 per pupil | £87k £849 per pupil |
| 2020-21 | 97.0 | £595k £6,132 per pupil | £516k £5,324 per pupil | +£78k +£808 per pupil | £34k £350 per pupil |
| 2019-20 | 94.0 | £545k £5,800 per pupil | £572k £6,080 per pupil | -£26k -£280 per pupil | -£44k -£473 per pupil |
| 2018-19 | 90.0 | £580k £6,446 per pupil | £638k £7,088 per pupil | -£58k -£642 per pupil | -£18k -£201 per pupil |
Where the money comes from
| Line | 2025-26 | Trend per pupil | Change per pupil since 2018-19 | Similar schools (median per pupil) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total income | £776k £7,843 per pupil | +22% -7% real | £8k | |
| Government funding | £752k £7,596 per pupil | +29% -1% real | £7k | |
| Special needs (SEN) funding | £18k £185 per pupil | -21% -40% real | £232 | |
| Pupil premium | £16k £164 per pupil | +24% -5% real | £157 | |
| Money the school raised itself | £31k £314 per pupil | -46% -59% real | £694 | |
| Donations (day-to-day) | £10k £105 per pupil | +600% +453% real | £61 | |
| Donations for buildings and equipment | £0 £0 per pupil | £0 | ||
| Facilities and services | £3k £26 per pupil | +2500% +2500% real | £238 | |
| Catering income | £15k £149 per pupil | -1% -25% real | £113 | |
| Other DfE grants | £38k £384 per pupil | +3% -22% real | £344 |
Other DfE grants is a container line. It includes the grants that cover higher employer pension and National Insurance costs, which cannot be separated out, so no figure is shown for them on their own. Not every rise in a school's income is extra spending power. When the government raised what schools pay as employers into staff pensions and National Insurance, it gave schools grants to cover the bill. The IFS describes this as extra money to pay for extra outgoings, with no change in real resources. About £2.3 billion of the growth in school funding between 2019–20 and 2025–26 was this kind of grant. So when a school's income jumps, check whether its staff costs jumped by the same amount: the money may simply have passed through. (IFS, p. 50)
Where it goes
| Line | 2025-26 | Trend per pupil | Change per pupil since 2018-19 | Similar schools (median per pupil) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total spending | £763k £7,705 per pupil | +9% -17% real | £8k | |
| Teachers | £384k £3,876 per pupil | +25% -5% real | £4k | |
| Supply staff | £4k £44 per pupil | -90% -92% real | £73 | |
| Support staff | £119k £1,197 per pupil | +1% -23% real | £1k | |
| Office and admin staff | £55k £554 per pupil | +53% +17% real | £421 | |
| Premises staff | £31k £309 per pupil | +26% -4% real | £87 | |
| Catering staff | £28k £279 per pupil | +33% +1% real | £0 | |
| Other staff costs | £10k £106 per pupil | -23% -41% real | £329 | |
| All staff costs | £574k £5,794 per pupil | +10% -16% real | £6k | |
| Premises | £45k £459 per pupil | +52% +16% real | £374 | |
| Energy | £17k £167 per pupil | +42% +8% real | £123 | |
| Rates, water and other building costs | £69k £697 per pupil | +11% -15% real | £687 | |
| Catering | £41k £416 per pupil | +11% -15% real | £392 | |
| Learning resources | £33k £329 per pupil | -29% -46% real | £495 | |
| Supplies and services | £75k £756 per pupil | -15% -35% real | £911 | |
| Bought-in services | £33k £328 per pupil | +2% -22% real | £339 |
Staff costs were 75% of this school's spending in 2025-26. Across England, over 80% of schools' costs are staff costs. (IFS, p. 63)
In 2025-26 prices, this school spent £763k £7,705 per pupil in 2025-26. Across England, primary schools are expected to spend about £7,000 per pupil in 2025–26. (IFS, p. 7)
Pupils by year
- 2018-19 90.0
- 2019-20 94.0
- 2020-21 97.0
- 2021-22 103.0
- 2022-23 105.0
- 2023-24 104.0
- 2024-25 106.0
- 2025-26 99.0
Money raised by parents
| School year | Raised | Spent |
|---|---|---|
| 2025-26 year to August 2025 | £11k £109 per pupil | £5k £48 per pupil |
| 2024-25 year to August 2024 | £7k £62 per pupil | £6k £55 per pupil |
| 2023-24 year to August 2023 | £8k £72 per pupil | £9k £86 per pupil |
| 2022-23 year to August 2022 | £13k £122 per pupil | £10k £92 per pupil |
| 2021-22 year to August 2021 | £2k £21 per pupil | £3k £25 per pupil |
- TERLING SCHOOL PTA (charity 1018951) Latest return: £11k £109 per pupil in the year to August 2025. It reports 5 volunteers. Annual return due 30 June 2026.
Each return is placed in the school year that holds the end of the charity's financial year, and per-pupil figures use that year's pupils. A parents' association's money is its own and isn't in the school's accounts above. Money a parents' association gives the school can also appear in the school's own accounts as donations, so the two can overlap. They are shown separately here and never added together.
Across England, the typical registered parents' association raised £50 per pupil in 2025-26.
Intake and area
- 9% of pupils eligible for free school meals (median school: council 17%, England 22%)
- Neighbourhood deprivation decile 6 of 10 (1 = most deprived)
- Income deprivation affecting children: decile 9 of 10 (1 = most deprived)
- 30% of adults nearby hold a degree-level qualification
- 63% of nearby homes are owner-occupied
- 11% of nearby homes are social rented
Intake band 1 of 5 nationally, combining free-school-meal eligibility and the deprivation of the school's neighbourhood (1 = least disadvantaged, 5 = most).
Context, not a judgement: schools with different intakes get different funding and face different costs.
How my school's money is split
For pupils: out of every pound the school spent in 2025-26, here is roughly where it went, with the amount for each pupil.
- Teachers £388k £3,920 per pupil
- Support staff £119k £1,197 per pupil
- Buildings and grounds £45k £459 per pupil
- Energy £17k £167 per pupil
- Learning resources £33k £329 per pupil
- Everything else £162k £1,632 per pupil
National context
- Primary pupil numbers in England are expected to fall by over 300,000 (about 8%) between 2024–25 and 2030–31. (IFS, p. 19)
- Council-run primary schools spend about £400 (6%) more per pupil than primary academies, and council-run secondaries about £300 (4%) more, partly because trusts spend some money centrally. (IFS, p. 56)
- Pupil premium is £1,515 a year per eligible primary pupil and £1,075 per eligible secondary pupil, over 16% lower in real terms than in 2015–16. (IFS, p. 51)
- Mainstream schools are expected to fund the first £6,000 a year of extra support for a pupil with special needs from their own budget. (IFS, p. 46)
Questions to ask the school
Useful for parents, governors and PTFA committees.
- What is Terling Church of England Voluntary Aided Primary School's £181k £1,825 per pupil reserve being kept for, and is there a timetable to spend it?
- How much does the PTA (or friends' association) raise each year, and what does it pay for?
- Is any of it already committed, for example to building work or to cover a planned overspend?
- How does Terling Church of England Voluntary Aided Primary School's spending per pupil compare with similar schools, and why? Why ask: Nationally, primaries spend about £7,000 and secondaries about £7,800 per pupil in 2025–26. (IFS, p. 7)
- Could some be spent on current pupils without putting future years at risk?
Check at source
Every figure here comes from the school's published return. Check it on the DfE benchmarking page for this school, and see how the figures are worked out.
Similar schools: the closest in phase, size and share of pupils on free school meals.
- Dry Sandford Primary School
- Lower Heath CofE Primary School
- Cranford CofE Primary School
- St Oswald's Worleston CofE Primary School
- Haughton St Giles CofE Primary Academy
Admissions and catchments for Terling Church of England Voluntary Aided Primary School on Schools in Reach · All Essex school finances · Schools in Witham
- DfE Financial Benchmarking and Insights Tool data: CFR returns for council-run schools (April to March) and academy accounts returns (September to August), Open Government Licence v3.0
- Get Information about Schools, Open Government Licence v3.0
- Charity Commission register, Open Government Licence v3.0
- National context: IFS, Annual report on education spending in England: 2025–26 (January 2026); IFS figures are in 2025-26 prices (HM Treasury GDP deflator, November 2025)
- Real-terms figures on this page: in 2025-26 prices (HM Treasury GDP deflator, October 2026)