Marsworth Church of England Infant School: school finances
Latest full year 2025-26, as a council-run school (CFR return, April to March). Buckinghamshire · Primary · Voluntary aided school
In deficit
In deficit by £29k £1,584 per pupil, 8% of a year's income: it has spent more over the years than it received. It has spent more than it received for 2 years running.
Why schools go into deficit. Most of a school's money goes on people: over 80% of schools' costs are staff costs. So when pay and other costs rise faster than funding, or a school loses pupils and the money that comes with each one, the budget is squeezed quickly and staffing is the only big thing left to cut. In 2024–25 and 2025–26, mainstream school funding per pupil grew by 2 percentage points less than school costs, partly because rising special needs costs took a large share of the extra money. A deficit usually comes from several of these pressures at once, not one bad decision. (IFS, pp. 62–63)
What helps. Schools in this position usually agree a recovery plan with the council, often over two or three years, and governors check progress against it each term. The questions further down are a good way to start that conversation.
Status by year
- 2018-19 Large reserves reserve 8% or more of a year's income
- 2019-20 Large reserves same as the year before
- 2020-21 Large reserves same as the year before
- 2021-22 Large reserves same as the year before
- 2022-23 Large reserves same as the year before
- 2023-24 Large reserves same as the year before
- 2024-25 Large reserves same as the year before
- 2025-26 In deficit reserve below zero
Government funding vs spending per pupil
In 2025-26, government funding was £331k £18,383 per pupil and spending £417k £23,172 per pupil. Spending was £86k £4,788 per pupil more than government funding; the difference came from other income, such as lettings, catering or donations, or from the school's reserve.
Funding is the money a school receives; spending is what it pays out. The two differ when a school adds to or draws on its savings, and because some money is spent on its pupils by someone else: the council (for example special needs top-ups and transport) or, for academies, the trust's central team. (IFS, pp. 7, 10, 46, 52, 54)
Government funding is the academy accounts line "grant funding from government" in academy (AAR) years and the CFR grant funding total in council-run years. The two are not strictly comparable: CFR line I07 can include some money that is not from government.
Real terms: in 2025-26 prices (HM Treasury GDP deflator, October 2026).
Reserve per pupil by year
Real terms: in 2025-26 prices (HM Treasury GDP deflator, October 2026).
| Year | Pupils | Income | Spending | In-year balance | Reserve at year end |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-26 | 18.0 | £341k £18,921 per pupil | £417k £23,172 per pupil | -£77k -£4,251 per pupil | -£29k -£1,584 per pupil |
| 2024-25 | 20.0 | £301k £15,029 per pupil | £358k £17,903 per pupil | -£57k -£2,874 per pupil | £48k £2,400 per pupil |
| 2023-24 | 21.0 | £333k £15,837 per pupil | £320k £15,250 per pupil | +£12k +£587 per pupil | £105k £5,023 per pupil |
| 2022-23 | 24.5 | £342k £13,966 per pupil | £341k £13,932 per pupil | +£837 +£34 per pupil | £93k £3,802 per pupil |
| 2021-22 | 34.0 | £280k £8,226 per pupil | £300k £8,816 per pupil | -£20k -£590 per pupil | £92k £2,715 per pupil |
| 2020-21 | 29.0 | £301k £10,363 per pupil | £250k £8,606 per pupil | +£51k +£1,757 per pupil | £112k £3,875 per pupil |
| 2019-20 | 27.0 | £272k £10,075 per pupil | £259k £9,596 per pupil | +£13k +£479 per pupil | £61k £2,274 per pupil |
| 2018-19 | 26.5 | £249k £9,405 per pupil | £242k £9,135 per pupil | +£7k +£270 per pupil | £48k £1,829 per pupil |
Where the money comes from
| Line | 2025-26 | Trend per pupil | Change per pupil since 2018-19 | Similar schools (median per pupil) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total income | £341k £18,921 per pupil | +101% +53% real | £19k | |
| Government funding | £331k £18,383 per pupil | +98% +51% real | £19k | |
| Special needs (SEN) funding | £8k £447 per pupil | -48% -60% real | £816 | |
| Pupil premium | £3k £168 per pupil | +4100% +3260% real | £403 | |
| Money the school raised itself | £10k £538 per pupil | +433% +308% real | £679 | |
| Donations (day-to-day) | £3k £170 per pupil | +270% +183% real | £39 | |
| Donations for buildings and equipment | £0 £0 per pupil | £0 | ||
| Facilities and services | £7k £368 per pupil | £232 | ||
| Catering income | £0 £0 per pupil | -100% -100% real | £84 | |
| Other DfE grants | £23k £1,289 per pupil | +76% +34% real | £1k |
Other DfE grants is a container line. It includes the grants that cover higher employer pension and National Insurance costs, which cannot be separated out, so no figure is shown for them on their own. Not every rise in a school's income is extra spending power. When the government raised what schools pay as employers into staff pensions and National Insurance, it gave schools grants to cover the bill. The IFS describes this as extra money to pay for extra outgoings, with no change in real resources. About £2.3 billion of the growth in school funding between 2019–20 and 2025–26 was this kind of grant. So when a school's income jumps, check whether its staff costs jumped by the same amount: the money may simply have passed through. (IFS, p. 50)
Where it goes
| Line | 2025-26 | Trend per pupil | Change per pupil since 2018-19 | Similar schools (median per pupil) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total spending | £417k £23,172 per pupil | +154% +94% real | £20k | |
| Teachers | £226k £12,550 per pupil | +162% +100% real | £9k | |
| Supply staff | £17k £931 per pupil | +804% +585% real | £196 | |
| Support staff | £58k £3,198 per pupil | +138% +81% real | £2k | |
| Office and admin staff | £26k £1,440 per pupil | +130% +75% real | £1k | |
| Premises staff | £6k £319 per pupil | +3% -21% real | £367 | |
| Catering staff | £0 £0 per pupil | £0 | ||
| Other staff costs | £10k £570 per pupil | +106% +57% real | £693 | |
| All staff costs | £339k £18,842 per pupil | +161% +99% real | £14k | |
| Premises | £18k £1,006 per pupil | +155% +95% real | £1k | |
| Energy | £4k £234 per pupil | +103% +55% real | £322 | |
| Rates, water and other building costs | £20k £1,133 per pupil | +111% +61% real | £1k | |
| Catering | £10k £548 per pupil | +93% +47% real | £635 | |
| Learning resources | £14k £799 per pupil | +55% +18% real | £1k | |
| Supplies and services | £39k £2,186 per pupil | +124% +71% real | £2k | |
| Bought-in services | £16k £912 per pupil | +126% +72% real | £916 |
Staff costs were 81% of this school's spending in 2025-26. Across England, over 80% of schools' costs are staff costs. (IFS, p. 63)
In 2025-26 prices, this school spent £417k £23,172 per pupil in 2025-26. Across England, primary schools are expected to spend about £7,000 per pupil in 2025–26. (IFS, p. 7)
Pupils by year
- 2018-19 26.5
- 2019-20 27.0
- 2020-21 29.0
- 2021-22 34.0
- 2022-23 24.5
- 2023-24 21.0
- 2024-25 20.0
- 2025-26 18.0
Pupil numbers fell from 26.5 to 18.0 (32% fewer) over the years shown.
Schools are mostly funded per pupil, so fewer pupils means less money. Costs do not fall in step: a class with a few fewer pupils still needs a teacher. Primary schools in England have already lost about 100,000 pupils (3%) between 2019–20 and 2024–25, and are expected to lose over 300,000 more (about 8%) by 2030–31. Secondary numbers are expected to start falling from about 2026–27. The IFS points out that money is only saved if schools actually reduce what they spend, such as staff or the number of schools. That is why a well-run school with falling numbers can still find its budget under pressure. (IFS, pp. 19, 64)
Income that passed straight through
In 2025-26, this school's income rose by +£40k +£2,222 per pupil on the year before, and its staff costs by +£59k +£3,301 per pupil. Much of the extra money may have gone straight out again on higher pay, pension and National Insurance costs.
About £2.3 billion of the rise in school funding since 2019–20 was grants to cover higher employer pension and National Insurance costs, not extra spending power. (IFS, p. 50)
Money raised by parents
| School year | Raised | Spent |
|---|---|---|
| 2021-22 year to August 2021 | £96 £3 per pupil | £0 £0 per pupil |
- FRIENDS OF MARSWORTH C OF E INFANT SCHOOL (charity 1105250) Last reported income: £96 £3 per pupil in the year to August 2021.
Each return is placed in the school year that holds the end of the charity's financial year, and per-pupil figures use that year's pupils. A parents' association's money is its own and isn't in the school's accounts above. Money a parents' association gives the school can also appear in the school's own accounts as donations, so the two can overlap. They are shown separately here and never added together.
Across England, the typical registered parents' association raised £50 per pupil in 2025-26.
Intake and area
- 28% of pupils eligible for free school meals (median school: council 14%, England 22%)
- Neighbourhood deprivation decile 8 of 10 (1 = most deprived)
- Income deprivation affecting children: decile 9 of 10 (1 = most deprived)
- 46% of adults nearby hold a degree-level qualification
- 88% of nearby homes are owner-occupied
- 5% of nearby homes are social rented
Intake band 2 of 5 nationally, combining free-school-meal eligibility and the deprivation of the school's neighbourhood (1 = least disadvantaged, 5 = most).
Context, not a judgement: schools with different intakes get different funding and face different costs.
How my school's money is split
For pupils: out of every pound the school spent in 2025-26, here is roughly where it went, with the amount for each pupil.
- Teachers £243k £13,481 per pupil
- Support staff £58k £3,198 per pupil
- Buildings and grounds £18k £1,006 per pupil
- Energy £4k £234 per pupil
- Learning resources £14k £799 per pupil
- Everything else £80k £4,453 per pupil
National context
- In 2024–25 and 2025–26, mainstream school funding per pupil grew by 2 percentage points less than school costs nationally. (IFS, p. 62)
- Primary pupil numbers in England are expected to fall by over 300,000 (about 8%) between 2024–25 and 2030–31. (IFS, p. 19)
- Council-run primary schools spend about £400 (6%) more per pupil than primary academies, and council-run secondaries about £300 (4%) more, partly because trusts spend some money centrally. (IFS, p. 56)
- Pupil premium is £1,515 a year per eligible primary pupil and £1,075 per eligible secondary pupil, over 16% lower in real terms than in 2015–16. (IFS, p. 51)
- Mainstream schools are expected to fund the first £6,000 a year of extra support for a pupil with special needs from their own budget. (IFS, p. 46)
Questions to ask the school
Useful for parents, governors and PTFA committees.
- What is the plan to get Marsworth Church of England Infant School back into balance, and how many years will it take? Has the council agreed it?
- How many pupils does Marsworth Church of England Infant School expect in each year group over the next three years? Why ask: Primary pupil numbers in England are expected to fall by over 300,000 (about 8%) by 2030–31. (IFS, p. 19)
- How many pupils at Marsworth Church of England Infant School have an EHCP or need extra support, and how is support above the first £6,000 a year funded? Why ask: Mainstream schools are expected to fund the first £6,000 a year per pupil from their core budget. (IFS, p. 46)
- How much does the PTA (or friends' association) raise each year, and what does it pay for?
- What is driving the deficit: falling pupil numbers, staff costs, special needs support, or something else? Why ask: Over 80% of schools' costs are staff costs. (IFS, p. 63)
- Is the school planning to merge classes, share staff or work more closely with another school?
- Does the council's top-up money arrive on time and cover what the support actually costs?
- How does Marsworth Church of England Infant School's spending per pupil compare with similar schools, and why? Why ask: Nationally, primaries spend about £7,000 and secondaries about £7,800 per pupil in 2025–26. (IFS, p. 7)
Check at source
Every figure here comes from the school's published return. Check it on the DfE benchmarking page for this school, and see how the figures are worked out.
Similar schools: the closest in phase, size and share of pupils on free school meals.
- Downholland-Haskayne Voluntary Aided Church of England Primary School
- Bradford Primary School
- Biggin CofE Primary School
- Cleeve Prior CofE (Controlled) Primary School
- Stoney Middleton CofE (C) Primary School
Admissions and catchments for Marsworth Church of England Infant School on Schools in Reach · All Buckinghamshire school finances · Schools in Aylesbury
- DfE Financial Benchmarking and Insights Tool data: CFR returns for council-run schools (April to March) and academy accounts returns (September to August), Open Government Licence v3.0
- Get Information about Schools, Open Government Licence v3.0
- Charity Commission register, Open Government Licence v3.0
- National context: IFS, Annual report on education spending in England: 2025–26 (January 2026); IFS figures are in 2025-26 prices (HM Treasury GDP deflator, November 2025)
- Real-terms figures on this page: in 2025-26 prices (HM Treasury GDP deflator, October 2026)