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St Michael's Church of England Primary School, Alkrington: school finances

Latest full year 2025-26, as a council-run school (CFR return, April to March). Rochdale · Primary · Voluntary aided school

Heading for deficit

Has spent more than it received for 5 years running; at that rate its £19k £92 per pupil reserve runs out in about 1 year.

Why schools go into deficit. Most of a school's money goes on people: over 80% of schools' costs are staff costs. So when pay and other costs rise faster than funding, or a school loses pupils and the money that comes with each one, the budget is squeezed quickly and staffing is the only big thing left to cut. In 2024–25 and 2025–26, mainstream school funding per pupil grew by 2 percentage points less than school costs, partly because rising special needs costs took a large share of the extra money. A deficit usually comes from several of these pressures at once, not one bad decision. (IFS, pp. 62–63)

What helps. Schools in this position usually agree a recovery plan with the council, often over two or three years, and governors check progress against it each term. The questions further down are a good way to start that conversation.

Status by year

  1. 2018-19 Healthy reserve between 3% and 8% of a year's income
  2. 2019-20 Large reserves reserve 8% or more of a year's income
  3. 2020-21 Large reserves same as the year before
  4. 2021-22 Large reserves same as the year before
  5. 2022-23 Healthy reserve between 3% and 8% of a year's income
  6. 2023-24 Heading for deficit spending more than it received, reserve running down
  7. 2024-25 Heading for deficit same as the year before
  8. 2025-26 Heading for deficit same as the year before

Government funding vs spending per pupil

In 2025-26, government funding was £1.2m £5,862 per pupil and spending £1.4m £6,726 per pupil. Spending was £177k £864 per pupil more than government funding; the difference came from other income, such as lettings, catering or donations, or from the school's reserve.

Government funding and spending per pupil, 2018-19 to 2025-26Government funding and spending per pupil each year, 2018-19 to 2025-26. 2018-19: funding £4k, spending £5k; 2019-20: funding £5k, spending £5k; 2020-21: funding £5k, spending £5k; 2021-22: funding £5k, spending £5k; 2022-23: funding £5k, spending £6k; 2023-24: funding £5k, spending £6k; 2024-25: funding £6k, spending £7k; 2025-26: funding £6k, spending £7k£4,000£5,000£6,0002019-202021-222023-242025-26Gov. fundingSpendingSimilarGov. fundingSpending

Funding is the money a school receives; spending is what it pays out. The two differ when a school adds to or draws on its savings, and because some money is spent on its pupils by someone else: the council (for example special needs top-ups and transport) or, for academies, the trust's central team. (IFS, pp. 7, 10, 46, 52, 54)

Government funding is the academy accounts line "grant funding from government" in academy (AAR) years and the CFR grant funding total in council-run years. The two are not strictly comparable: CFR line I07 can include some money that is not from government.

Real terms: in 2025-26 prices (HM Treasury GDP deflator, October 2026).

Reserve per pupil by year

Reserve per pupil, 2018-19 to 2025-26Reserve per pupil at the end of each year. 2018-19: £288; 2019-20: £529; 2020-21: £574; 2021-22: £448; 2022-23: £277; 2023-24: £209; 2024-25: £110; 2025-26: £92£0£200£400£6002019-202021-222023-242025-26ReserveSimilarReserve

Real terms: in 2025-26 prices (HM Treasury GDP deflator, October 2026).

Each year's figures, newest first
YearPupilsIncomeSpendingIn-year balanceReserve at year end
2025-26205.0£1.4m £6,708 per pupil£1.4m £6,726 per pupil-£4k -£18 per pupil£19k £92 per pupil
2024-25205.0£1.3m £6,411 per pupil£1.3m £6,516 per pupil-£22k -£106 per pupil£22k £110 per pupil
2023-24211.0£1.3m £6,049 per pupil£1.3m £6,119 per pupil-£15k -£70 per pupil£44k £209 per pupil
2022-23213.0£1.2m £5,478 per pupil£1.2m £5,639 per pupil-£34k -£161 per pupil£59k £277 per pupil
2021-22208.0£1.1m £5,333 per pupil£1.1m £5,456 per pupil-£26k -£123 per pupil£93k £448 per pupil
2020-21207.0£1.1m £5,267 per pupil£1.1m £5,240 per pupil+£6k +£27 per pupil£119k £574 per pupil
2019-20214.0£1.1m £5,092 per pupil£1.0m £4,848 per pupil+£52k +£244 per pupil£113k £529 per pupil
2018-19212.0£1.0m £4,826 per pupil£1.0m £4,771 per pupil+£12k +£55 per pupil£61k £288 per pupil

Where the money comes from

Income in 2025-26, with the trend per pupil since 2018-19
Line2025-26Trend per pupilChange per pupil since 2018-19Similar schools (median per pupil)
Total income£1.4m £6,708 per pupil+39% +6% real£7k
Government funding£1.2m £5,862 per pupil+32% +1% real£6k
Special needs (SEN) funding£49k £238 per pupil+14% -13% real£251
Pupil premium£17k £84 per pupil-35% -50% real£128
Money the school raised itself£175k £853 per pupil+50% +14% real£462
Donations (day-to-day)£14k £66 per pupil-61% -71% real£36
Donations for buildings and equipment£0 £0 per pupil£0
Facilities and services£104k £508 per pupil+91% +46% real£252
Catering income£24k £118 per pupil+44% +10% real£85
Other DfE grants£88k £431 per pupil+68% +28% real£277

Other DfE grants is a container line. It includes the grants that cover higher employer pension and National Insurance costs, which cannot be separated out, so no figure is shown for them on their own. Not every rise in a school's income is extra spending power. When the government raised what schools pay as employers into staff pensions and National Insurance, it gave schools grants to cover the bill. The IFS describes this as extra money to pay for extra outgoings, with no change in real resources. About £2.3 billion of the growth in school funding between 2019–20 and 2025–26 was this kind of grant. So when a school's income jumps, check whether its staff costs jumped by the same amount: the money may simply have passed through. (IFS, p. 50)

Where it goes

Spending in 2025-26, with the trend per pupil since 2018-19
Line2025-26Trend per pupilChange per pupil since 2018-19Similar schools (median per pupil)
Total spending£1.4m £6,726 per pupil+41% +8% real£6k
Teachers£650k £3,171 per pupil+60% +22% real£3k
Supply staff£0 £0 per pupil-100% -100% real£45
Support staff£339k £1,652 per pupil+92% +47% real£1k
Office and admin staff£47k £230 per pupil+37% +4% real£343
Premises staff£0 £0 per pupil-100% -100% real£101
Catering staff£0 £0 per pupil£0
Other staff costs£51k £249 per pupil-31% -47% real£213
All staff costs£1.1m £5,324 per pupil+49% +14% real£5k
Premises£64k £313 per pupil+11% -15% real£291
Energy£23k £114 per pupil+78% +36% real£85
Rates, water and other building costs£115k £563 per pupil+24% -6% real£577
Catering£57k £278 per pupil-5% -27% real£319
Learning resources£60k £290 per pupil+56% +19% real£332
Supplies and services£105k £510 per pupil+13% -14% real£653
Bought-in services£35k £170 per pupil-20% -39% real£200

Staff costs were 79% of this school's spending in 2025-26. Across England, over 80% of schools' costs are staff costs. (IFS, p. 63)

In 2025-26 prices, this school spent £1.4m £6,726 per pupil in 2025-26. Across England, primary schools are expected to spend about £7,000 per pupil in 2025–26. (IFS, p. 7)

Pupils by year

  1. 2018-19 212.0
  2. 2019-20 214.0
  3. 2020-21 207.0
  4. 2021-22 208.0
  5. 2022-23 213.0
  6. 2023-24 211.0
  7. 2024-25 205.0
  8. 2025-26 205.0

Money raised by parents

Parents' association money per pupilParents' association income and spending per pupil. 2021-22: raised £20; 2022-23: raised £5; 2023-24: raised £13; 2024-25: raised £22; 2025-26: raised £21£0£10£202021-222022-232023-242024-252025-26RaisedSpent
Each school year's returns, newest first
School yearRaisedSpent
2025-26
year to June 2025
£4k £21 per pupil£4k £19 per pupil
2024-25
year to June 2024
£5k £22 per pupil£153 £1 per pupil
2023-24
year to June 2023
£3k £13 per pupil£140 £1 per pupil
2022-23
year to June 2022
£1k £5 per pupil£782 £4 per pupil
2021-22
year to June 2021
£4k £20 per pupil£3k £13 per pupil

Each return is placed in the school year that holds the end of the charity's financial year, and per-pupil figures use that year's pupils. A parents' association's money is its own and isn't in the school's accounts above. Money a parents' association gives the school can also appear in the school's own accounts as donations, so the two can overlap. They are shown separately here and never added together.

Across England, the typical registered parents' association raised £50 per pupil in 2025-26.

Intake and area

council-run · Primary · Mixed · Church of England

Intake band 1 of 5 nationally, combining free-school-meal eligibility and the deprivation of the school's neighbourhood (1 = least disadvantaged, 5 = most).

Context, not a judgement: schools with different intakes get different funding and face different costs.

How my school's money is split

For pupils: out of every pound the school spent in 2025-26, here is roughly where it went, with the amount for each pupil.

National context

Questions to ask the school

Useful for parents, governors and PTFA committees.

  1. St Michael's Church of England Primary School, Alkrington has spent more than it received for 5 years. Is that planned, and what does the school expect its reserve to be in three years' time?
  2. How much does the PTA (or friends' association) raise each year, and what does it pay for?
  3. What does the budget assume about pay rises and pupil numbers over the next three years? Why ask: The IFS projects school costs could grow 0.5 to 1 percentage points a year faster than funding to 2028–29. (IFS, p. 11)
  4. How does St Michael's Church of England Primary School, Alkrington's spending per pupil compare with similar schools, and why? Why ask: Nationally, primaries spend about £7,000 and secondaries about £7,800 per pupil in 2025–26. (IFS, p. 7)
  5. If the gap does not close, what would the school cut first?

Check at source

Every figure here comes from the school's published return. Check it on the DfE benchmarking page for this school, and see how the figures are worked out.

Similar schools: the closest in phase, size and share of pupils on free school meals.

Compare side by side